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Letters Patent No. 81,986, datedlSeptember 8, 1868.

IMPROVED FLEXIBLE AhEADER AND POLISHING-FABRIC.

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TO ALL WHOM IT-MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, JOHN H. CRANE, of Charlestown', in the county of Middlesex, and State of Massachusetts, have invented a Double-Surfaced Flexible Abrader; and I do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection with the drawings which accompany and formpart of this specification, is a description of my invention suflicient to enable those skilled in the art to practise it.

Sofar as I am informed, all flexible abraders, such as sand-paper emery-cloth, &c., have but one abradingsurface. It is generally the case that the flexible medium'to which the abrading-substance is attached, outlasts the adhesion of said substance, and therefore the maximum of economy in the use of the flexible material is not attainedjn surfacing but one side or face thereof. The smooth side of the flexible medium to which abrasive granules or powder is attached does not afl'ord a surface to which the fingers of an operator readily adhere moving the abrader over the surface to be reduced or smoothed, and as the friction between the abrading-surface and the surface to be abraded is greater than the friction between the fingers of the operator and the smooth surface of the flexible material, recourse is often had to a block of cork or material, around which the abrader is wrapped, so that the operator can obtain a hold sufliciently firm to propel the abrader over the surface to be wrought.

' Now, my invention has for its object the improvement of flexible abraders, so as to utilize, to the highest extent possible, all of the material of which they are composed, and so that the act of operating therewith will be facilitated.

My invention consists in a flexible abrader made with a central layer or web of any suitable flexible material, surfaced on both faces with any suitable abrading-material.

For work'ing wood, paper surfaced on both sides with sand, comminuted quartz or glass, 820., may be employed, glue or other suituble cement being used to hold the abrading-material to the flexible centre.

For operating upon metals, emery may be cemented upon both surfaces of paper or cloth. And. generally, any suitable abrasive material may be cemented or secured to both surfaces of paper, cloth, leather, parchment, or other flexible material-in the practice of my invention.

Sometimes, for convenience of manufacture, it will be advisable to unite, by means of cement or otherwise, two sheets of flexible material, each of which is surfaced on one side only, with an abrasive material, in powder I or granules the result, however, embodying my invention, as the ce'ntre layer, to which the abrader is attached,

is flexible, though consisting of a compound layer.

The powder or granules on my flexible abrader may he coarse on one side and fine on the other, and of i the same or of diiferent materials, or of the same or of different mixtures of materials.

As in the single-surfaced flexible ahraders now in use, my improved abrader may be used to smooth flat or curved-surfaces, and may be employed with or without a block or other backing.

Figure 1 of the drawing ista plan, showing my improved abrader, one corner of which is represented as turned over, or as dogs-eared, to show the abrasive material on both sides of'the central flexible material, which is represented in the cross-section, shown in Figure 2, by a red line, the abrasive surfaces on either side, in said.

fig. 2, being shown by yellow lines.

I claim,-a,s a new article of manufacture, the double-surfaced flexible abrader, substantially as shown anddescribed.

J. H. CRANE.

Witnesses-z J. B. CROSBY, Farmers GOULD. 

